Nielsen Norman Group

Open-Ended vs. Closed Questions in User Research

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  • Open-ended questions allow participants to provide a free-form text answer, giving researchers deeper insights into their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
  • Closed questions, on the other hand, provide participants with a set of predefined response options and are useful for obtaining specific information and clarification.
  • Open-ended questions encourage participants to provide more detailed and personal responses, enabling researchers to uncover unexpected insights.
  • Closed questions are helpful for gathering quantitative data and obtaining specific details or confirming information.
  • Open-ended questions are more suitable for early stages of research when exploring new topics or when seeking a more in-depth understanding of users' experiences.
  • Closed questions are beneficial for later stages of research when researchers already have a clear understanding of the topic and need more precise information.
  • It's important to balance the use of open-ended and closed questions in user research to gather both broad and specific insights.
  • Open-ended questions require more careful analysis and coding compared to closed questions, which can be easily quantified and analyzed.
  • By using a combination of open-ended and closed questions, researchers can gain a comprehensive understanding of user experiences and preferences.